Complexity
??:
The last area of concern involves what Pylyshyn (1974, p. 68) calls the “allocation of complexity”. An ant walking on rugged terrain is seen to follow a complex path. But its behaviour need not be the result of a complex program. Rather, it may have a simple program which, in response to a complex environment, yields complex behaviour.
from http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/notebooks/complexity.html
Defining/measuring it
Mathematical approaches
Cosma Shalizi has a dismissive review of some proposed measures at http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/notebooks/complexity-measures.html
Economic approaches
It is an open question whether complexity as defined in Joseph Tainter‘s collapse of complex societies is in any way related to the edge of chaos-kind of complexity that formal mathematical approaches try to capture. I assert that it is.
Tainter, considers complexity as an institutional and economic quantity, to do with hierarchy and standardisation. Together with his later work (such as that article about ants 
), Howard Odum‘s ( which ODUM is it?) work on the energetic basis of ecological and economic systems, and some of the work of ecological metabolism, it seems like there might be a reasonable chance that one can to some kind of economic definition that might apply to more basic forms of life than the New York Stock Exchange by starting here with what we want complexity to capture, rather than with basic statistical mecahnics.
Discussion
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